Jawapan Past Years Opm 530 - 1476 Words

JANUARY 2012 QUESTION 1 ‘Operation management is the set of activities that create value in the form of goods and service by transforming inputs into outputs’. Based on the statement, explain briefly the 10 Operation Management critical decisions i. Design of goods and services ii. Managing quality iii. Process and capacity design iv. Location strategy v. Layout strategy vi. Human resource and job design vii. Supply chain management viii. Inventory, material requirement planning, and JIT(just-in-time) ix. Intermediate and short term scheduling x. Maintenance QUESTION 2 a) List the 5 goals for ethical and environment friendly product design i. Developing safe and environmentally†¦show more content†¦The technique for addressing the fixed position layout are complicated by three factor. First, there is limited space at virtual all sites. Second, at different stage if a project, different material are needed and therefore different item become critical as the project develop. Thirds, the volume of material needed is dynamic. Example of this type of project is ship, a highway, a bridge, a house and an operating table in a hospital operating room. ii. Process-oriented layout It can simultaneously handle a wide variety of product or service. This is traditional way to support a product differentiation strategy. It is most efficient when making product with different requirement or when handling customer, patient, or client with different needed. A process oriented layout is typically the low volume, high variety strategy.in this job environment, each product or each small group of product undergoes a different sequence of operations. A product or small order is produce by moving it from one department to another in the sequence required for that product. Example of this type of layout is through an inflow of a patient, each with his or her own needs, requires routing through admission and so on. QUESTION 4 a) Differentiate with example dependent demand and independent demand inventory management system Dependent demand The demand for item is dependent upon the demand for some other item in the inventory. For example, the demand for toaster oven componentShow MoreRelatedJawapan Past Years Opm 5301483 Words   |  6 Pagesoperate 260 days a year. Storage and handling cost of the paper are RM40 a year per box. It cost RM70 to order and receive the shipment of paper. i. Calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ) EOQ =2DS/ H =2507040 =700040 =175 =13.23 ii. Calculate the total annual cost iii. Calculate the optimal number of order per year iv. Calculate the optimal number of days between any two orders Optimal no of day between any two order = no of working days per year / N =260 / 3.78

Taxation Without Representation - 1753 Words

Oppressors or Bullies? Taxation Without Representation Why weren’t the thirteen colonies willing to abide by England’s laws? While some people were horrified with the Stamp Act, others were completely accepting of this new act. Janis Herbert stated in her book, The American Revolution for Kids, that after the French and Indian War, England had many debts, which obviously needed to be paid (3). England’s Parliament decided the American colonists needed to pay their debts for them. England went about this matter by raising taxes and requiring a stamp for fifty different documents (Gale Encyclopedia Par. 2). Since America was not yet a country, and had no representation, they were trapped with the laws Parliament passed. Even though England was trying to pay off their debts from the French Indian War, they went about it the wrong way, because they expected the American colonists to pay by increased tax dollars. This is an example of taxation without representation, because the Ame rican colonists didnt have representatives, or the opportunity to vote. To help pay off their debt, England scheduled the initiation of the Stamp Act, which placed a tax on fifty different documents, on November 1, 1765 (Gale Par. 2; Brindell 13). This act was to put a tax â€Å"upon every paper commonly called a pamphlet and upon every newspaper† (Copeland 193). Because the Stamp Act was an internal tax, which meant this tax law was only enforced in America, this made the colonists evenShow MoreRelatedDemocracy : No Taxation Without Representation961 Words   |  4 Pagesand participate in democracy. This notion of democracy slowly evolved out of different revolutions and ideas. We saw great leaps forward in in the evolution of democracy during the US revolution which was exemplified by the cry of: â€Å"No taxation without representation.† In the French revolution, in which there has been so much has studied about, is another example of inequality helping democrat ization. In the modern era, we have seen the Arab spring rise and fall, with some countries making modest reformsRead MoreNo Taxation without Representation Essay1851 Words   |  8 PagesTaxation is an extremely controversial topic in the United States because in order to continue to enjoy the American comforts of healthcare, social security, national and neighborhood defense, and regulated clean water and air, to name a few, we continue to increase the demands of our government without wanting to pay for the supply of services. Remember, money is a currency and can be used to consume, invest, save, pay loans (including credit cards), or pay taxes. If asking various families whatRead MoreNo Taxation Without Representation- Revolutionary Movement?1832 Words   |  8 PagesThe demand for no taxation without representation was the primary force motivating the American revolutionary movement, and for many it became a symbol for democracy. Throughout the late 18th century, the Britis h colony of America was oppressed by Parliament from across the pond. This oppression included unequal rights compared to English citizens that lived on the mainland, unneeded taxation, and no representation in Parliament, which resulted in many laws that were unfavorable to the AmericanRead MoreNo Taxation Without Representation On Future Americans1327 Words   |  6 PagesIt is a core founding principle of our nation that there will be no taxation without representation. The current fiscal actions of our nation will pass the burden on to future generations, and they will be the ones required to pay for today’s spending. Without a say in this fiscal burden being passed to them, the lack of a balanced budget is in effect, taxation without representation on future Americans. My proposed amendment to the United States Constitution would create a requirement for a balancedRead MoreEssay on The Injustices of the Crown719 Words   |  3 Pageswhich they grumbled to each other i n secret. Taxation without representation; this was just one of many, many grievances inflicted upon the American colonists, and one which the colonists would eventually fight against with the mass-dumping of tea in the Boston Tea Party. In short, it meant that the colonists were to pay taxes for all of the imports that the mother country wished to tax the colonists for. â€Å"Without representation† meant that the British Parliament would tax the colonistsRead MoreThe Creation Of The United States Of America981 Words   |  4 Pagescolonist considered more taxation with out representation. The Townshend program’s attempt to get a grip on the colonies failed. The colonist were rebellious and organized boycotts on British products. With the tension between the colonies and Great Britain reaching a breaking point the British pass the Tea Act. This act angered the colonists for quite a few reasons but the most important thing it did was reignite the colonist’ s anger for taxation without representation. This soon led to the famousRead MoreA History of the World in 6 Glasses Study Questions Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagespurposes as a pain killer. â€Å"Spirits in the Colonial Period† 1. The origin of distilled spirits came from the Arabs. 2. The connection between spirits and colonization is that, spirits became an economic good of great importance that with their taxation and control became matters of high political importance and helped determine the course of history. 3. The production of spirits is connected to slavery because the African slavers who supplied the Europeans with slaves, most valued spirits asRead MoreJames Otis s No Taxation Without Representation Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pages1763. In The Rights of British Colonies Asserted and Proved James Otis outlines his perspectives on government s rights and the rights of the people , these perspectives revolutionized colonial opinions and made famous the quote† no taxation without representation.† James Otis was born in 1725 and died in 1783 during that time he lived an eventful and meaningful life. James Otis graduated from Harvard in 1743 and became a successful lawyer in Boston, his experience in law played a largeRead MoreAmerica At The Foundation Was Formed On The Basis Of No Taxation Without Representation2572 Words   |  11 Pages America at the foundation was formed on the basis of no taxation without representation. How then did we become a country so accepting of higher taxes and government reliance? Breaking it down to the simplest arguments there can be two main points, either taxes are beneficial or taxes are harmful. Taxes and high taxes especially in general are always going to be harmful. If the government is coming at the issue in a way that frames them as a form of caring they are lying. Let’s get one thing straightRead MoreTaxation W/O Representation803 Words   |  4 PagesThe colonists strongly desired independence and separation fro m Britain once taxation without representation was imposed on them. The colonies struggled to earn their representation in the Parliament of their mother country. They were turned down repeatedly and this caused huge issues for the colonists; it was the complete reason for the Revolutionary War. Therefore, the demand for no taxation without representation was the primary force to motivate America against Britain and it was also a symbol

Planning A Key Factor in the Success of a Business Free Essays

Planning is a key factor in the success of any business, and conversely, the failure to plan adequately is one of the fastest routes to business failure. There are many considerations that an entrepreneur must decide such as: type of business, legal structure, permits and licenses, market planning, business plan, location, organization management planning, business telephone line, mission statement, and a business checking account. There are many sources of information to help to start a business in an organized way, such as a business plan from the office of Economic Development Planning located in the County Office Building, or books in that can be found in any library. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning: A Key Factor in the Success of a Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first decision that the entrepreneur must make is what type of business he/she wants to start. The decision should be based on the amount of knowledge and skill that they have in the field that they are considering. The better that they know the industry, the stronger there likelihood they will have a successful business, and the better base they will have for the rest of the decisions that will have to be made in the time to come. The next important decision in the business planning process is the legal structure of the company. The three legal structures are Sole-proprietorship, Partnership and a Corporation. Each one of these legal structures has its advantages and disadvantages. The different aspects that each legal structure differs are: management control, capital, liability, income taxes, business continuity, and government regulations. The understanding of these different issues is crucial to the decision of which structure is the best one for the entrepreneurs business. Be sure to consult an attorney before making this decision. In a sole-proprietorship, the owner retains total control of all the decisions that need to be made. The ability to raise capital is limited by the financial resources and the credit worthiness of the individual owner. The owner has the ultimate liability for all the actions and debts of the business. A sole-proprietorship is not a separate taxable entity. The individual owner reports business revenue, expenses and net income (or loss) on his/her individual tax return (form 1040). The business ends with death of owner unless previously sold or transferred. The government has very limited regulations, and few records are legally required. A D.B.A. (Doing Business As) form is available at most office supply stores or at a County Department of Economic Development office, which also requires a small fee. Completed form with notarized signatures must be filed with the County Clerk†s Office. In a partnership, the control is shared by the partners in accordance with the partnership agreement. If there are two partner†s the agreement does not have to be fifty-fifty. It can be what ever the two decide on in the beginning. The ability to raise capital is expanded somewhat as partners are able to pool their respective financial resources. Both partners have joint and several liabilities for actions and debts of partnership. The partnership is not a separate taxable entity. An information return (form 1065) must be filled out each year to report partnership activity; however, individual partners report their respective shares of income (or loss) personally. The business ends with death of a partner unless written partnership agreement contains transfer conditions. The government has limited regulation and few records are required. They should have a partnership agreement, which is available at most office supply stores or at the local County Department of Economic Development office. Completed form with all signatures notarized must be filed with the County Clerk†s Office. It is advisable to consult a lawyer about a partnership agreement before filing the certificate. With a corporation, the day-to-day control rests with the hired management team. Ultimately control is vested with the Board of Directors who are influenced through the voting process by the shareholders. The ability to raise capital is potentially greatly expanded because additional shares of stock may be sold. The liability of the individual shareholders for actions and debts of the Corporation is limited to their equity investment. A C Corporation is a separate taxable entity (form 1120 is required to be filled out). An S Corporation is taxed essentially like a partnership. An information return (form 1120s) must be filled out. The business has a perpetual life distinct from that of its owners. The shares of stock are freely transferable. The government treats a Corporation as a separate legal and taxable entity, and extensive record-keeping is required. There are also complex operating regulations to follow (which differ from state to state). Forms to incorporate are available at any office supply store and should be filed with the Secretary of State in Albany (518-474-6200) if planned start up is in New York State. Licenses and permits are grants of authority from the Federal, State and local political subdivisions to individuals, corporations or partnerships to carry on certain activities. Licenses often involve the payment of fees and proof of qualification by examination. Legally, it is up to you (the business owner) to know if your business requires licensing. Before you start a project, carefully research the applicable state and local laws. For local licenses and permits contact the village/town hall and the county office for local requirements. If you plan to operate a business in your own home, check to make sure you are not in violation of local zoning ordinances. For a construction company the owner or contractor will need to have specific permits and licenses for each job. A call to the County Clerk†s office gets you started with local government. Depending on your plans, you may also need to check with your local planning board, zoning board and building inspector. For construction jobs it is advisable that you check with the DOT regional office in the area of the project to determine if any permits may be necessary for your particular job. There are many occupations in which various governmental agencies and privately owned businesses require the worker to have a license before he/she can work on the project. Each year there will be fewer trades people, contractors, ect., that will need to be licensed. In the years to come it must be expected that all contractors, trades persons, etc. will be required to be licensed by government authority. The majority of cities in the United States require the trades people to be licensed to conduct their business. As the business owner and the employer it is your responsibility to determine if a licensed operator is required for the job. If a license is required you must assure that only a properly licensed person performs the job. The failure to make sure that the employee has the correct license for the job can result in severe penalties and possible imprisonment. It is generally required that in larger cities workers such as carpenters, plumbers, welders, truck drivers, crane operators, heavy equipment operators, masons, steel erectors, laborers, etc., all have the proper licenses. Some licenses are state issued and are required in order to work any place in the state (crane operators, truck drivers, etc.). 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Economics of College Sports free essay sample

Athletics as big business, role of TV, illegal payments, examples of scandals punishments, pressure to turn pro, academic issues, reforms, sanctions, legalizing athletes pay. College sports are big business. A college or university with a successful football or basketball team can leverage its sports success to increase its donations from alumni, and television revenue from televised football and basketball games can significantly contribute to a schools operating budget. Because of this, recruiting efforts can be intense as schools seek to attract the most promising high school and community college players, and the motivation to violate rules set down by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) can be high. This research examines the economic impact of sports, particularly football, on colleges and universities, recent scandals involving players and coaches which have rocked the NCAA, and considers whether or not players at the collegiate level should be paid for